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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends an electrical signal to another, it makes use of chemicals known as neurotransmitters. These chemicals must cross a small gap that is called a synapse. Some ADHD medications boost the effectiveness of these messages. They may aid neurons in releasing more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). Doctors put patients suffering from ADHD on a low dose of medication, and then monitor their responses. They gradually increase the dosage to find the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that shows a noticeable improvement in symptoms and has few adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the primary type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It is a way to increase the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in the brains of children, which helps them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken under a doctor’s supervision as it is a controlled substance. Ritalin is the most common methylphenidate drug. It is available in tablets that release immediately, chewable tablets, and capsules. Certain versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which can be hazardous for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual disabilities). Be sure to tell your provider about any food allergies that you or your child has. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in certain areas of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens and a brain network comprised of three networks that play a part in the process of adaptive control. This may explain why methylphenidate is among the most effective drugs to treat ADHD. The side effects of stimulants are sleepiness, nausea, headaches anxiety, agitation, agitation and tics. They are not common however they can be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you notice any of these symptoms. You should also tell your doctor if you or your child is suffering from allergies, a history of heart disease or depression, bipolar disorder, or other mental health conditions or glaucoma, a past history of stroke or seizures, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) or linezolid (Zyvox) or Methylene Blue, or Phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines boost the speed of communication between brain cells and can help you concentrate your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. These are the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD in adults and children. They increase the levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be taken either orally or through injection. Certain people are affected by the negative side effects of stimulant medication, like restlessness or difficulties sleeping, or an increased heart rate and high blood pressure. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the most appropriate one for you. Some people may need to take a combination of medications to get the desired effects. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These drugs are prescribed for a wide range of mental health conditions, including ADD/ADHD and other disorders like bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most popular stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in different forms – from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally or injectable. Amphetamines can be abused by teenagers who use them to stay awake and study for tests or by truck drivers and students who need more energy for endurance sports. Amphetamines can trigger mental and physical issues when misused, particularly at higher doses. ADHD can be treated using non-stimulant drugs. These include atomoxetine clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals that stimulants do, however they are less likely to exacerbate the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These drugs are used to treat adolescents and children with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in pills that can be swallowed or chewed and capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food items, and liquid patches. They are typically only available with a prescription from a doctor. The medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants are fast acting and last from 3 and 6 hours. These medications alleviate symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults with ADHD. They help reduce fidgeting and interrupting, and make it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve relationships and academic performance. However, they aren't able to address the root issues that cause ADHD. It's therefore important to utilize them along with behavior therapy. It's also important to understand that ADHD medications can have adverse effects. They can cause you to be drowsy or cranky, and could interfere with your sleep. However, these effects are typically small and disappear as the medicine is eliminated from your body. Your doctor may advise you to start with a small dose and increase it gradually. They'll monitor how the medication affects you or your child and also look for any signs of problems. It may take time to find the right dosage and medication for you or your child. It is recommended to speak openly with your health professional. They may suggest a change in the amount of medication that you or your child is taking, or if any medication is required at all. They'll also be looking to determine whether your child or you is suffering from any other medical or mental health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants work to control ADHD symptoms by altering the activities of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This increases the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemical compounds that are essential for the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex region of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). Stimulant medication is effective for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will help you determine the best dosage and medication for your child. You may have to try different kinds of medications before settling on the one that works best for you or your child. You can consume these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. They begin to work quickly and last for three or four hours. add adult medications “ occurs when the medicine wears out. This is characterized by an abrupt reduction in energy levels as well as an intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into bloodstreams and change from inactive to active in red blood cells. It can take time to find the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or yourself. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication, and look for any problems such as trouble sleeping. If you or your child is not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medication. Never stop or alter your ADHD medication without consulting your physician. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any over-the-counter medications and supplements you are taking, because certain medications can interfere with certain ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications are effective in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also aid people to concentrate, complete tasks, and maintain relationships. However, they might not alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. They may also cause side effects such as loss of appetite, insomnia and nervousness. They can also cause stomachaches, heart rhythm changes and high blood pressure. These drugs work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes. They fade in 3 to 6 hours. They can be used in combination with other types of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these long-acting stimulants such as the atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest taking these in the afternoon to avoid patients from having to take additional medication during school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as dramatically as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost them significantly. They don't have the same rebound effects as stimulants with shorter durations. Long-acting stimulants due to the potential side effects, are usually prescribed as a second treatment for adults with ADHD and older teens. They are also employed to treat a few patients with ADHD when other medications haven't been effective. Although medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control, it is not the only option for people suffering from ADHD. With the help of good sleep habits, healthy diets and other self-help strategies, it is often possible to decrease or even eliminate the need for ADHD medication.